The total quantity of global carbon is distributed such that $1\%$ is carbon in the atmosphere and $71\%$ is carbon dissolved in the oceans.

Out of the total cost of various ecosystem services, the soil formation accounts for $P$, while contributions of other services like recreation and nutrient cycling are less than $Q$ each. The value of climate regulation and habitat for wildlife is about $R$ each. Identify $P, Q,$ and $R$.

Which one of the following contains very low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients for algal growth?

In an ecosystem with a simple food web or food chain,if a change occurs at any one trophic level,what characteristic will emerge?

Which of the following pairs correctly represents the Gaseous and Sedimentary nutrient cycles?

Identify the correct sequence of succession in a hydrarch (aquatic) habitat.