Who proposed the theory of continuity of germplasm?

According to Hugo De Vries, speciation is due to

In the case of the peppered moth $(Biston \text{ } betularia)$, the dark-colored form became more prevalent than the light-colored form in England during the Industrial Revolution. This is an example of:

While creation and presence of variation is directionless,natural selection is directional as it is in the context of adaptation. Comment.

Select the appropriate option for the given figure.

How do predators identify moths in the context of industrial melanism?