Match the following columns:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Earthworm	$(i)$ Pioneer species
$(b)$ Succession	$(ii)$ Detritivores
$(c)$ Ecosystem service	$(iii)$ Birth rate
$(d)$ Population growth	$(iv)$ Pollination

Assertion $A$: As a result of evolution,plant species have migrated from aquatic habitats to terrestrial habitats.
Reason $R$: Plants have undergone developmental changes while passing through various stages of succession.
Which option is correct for Assertion $A$ and Reason $R$?

Which of the following is responsible for the high biomass in an aquatic ecosystem?

Match the following columns.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Phytoplankton,grass	$(p)$ First trophic level
$(b)$ Man,Lion	$(q)$ Herbivore
$(c)$ Zooplankton,Cow,Grasshopper	$(r)$ Third trophic level
$(d)$ Birds,Wolf	$(s)$ Top carnivore

The hydrological cycle comprises two overlapping cycles.

Consider the following four statements $(A-D)$ and select the correct option stating which ones are true $(T)$ and which ones are false $(F)$.
Statements:
$(A)$ Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in a community is called stratification.
$(B)$ Net primary productivity minus respiration losses is the gross primary productivity.
$(C)$ Rate of biomass production is called decomposition.
$(D)$ Annual net primary productivity of oceans is $55$ billion tons.