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(C) The binding energy $B$ of a nucleus is defined as the energy equivalent of the mass defect $\Delta m$. The mass defect is given by the difference

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$M(N, Z) = NM_n + ZM_p - B/c^2$

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(C) The binding energy $B$ of a nucleus is defined as the energy equivalent of the mass defect $\Delta m$. The mass defect is given by the difference between the sum of the masses of individual nucleons and the actual mass of the nucleus: $\Delta m = [ZM_p + NM_n - M(N, Z)]$. According to Einstein's mass-energy equivalence relation,$B = \Delta m c^2$. Substituting the expression for $\Delta m$: $B = [ZM_p + NM_n - M(N, Z)] c^2$. Rearranging the equation to solve for $M(N, Z)$: $B/c^2 = ZM_p + NM_n - M(N, Z)$. Therefore,$M(N, Z) = ZM_p + NM_n - B/c^2$.

$M_p$ denotes the mass of a proton and $M_n$ denotes the mass of a neutron. $A$ given nucleus,of binding energy $B$,contains $Z$ protons and $N$ neutrons. The mass $M(N, Z)$ of the nucleus is given by ($c$ is the velocity of light):

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