$P_{(Coloured \ Solution)} + BaCl_2 \to Q \downarrow_{(White)} + R_{(Coloured \ Solution)}$
Then salt $P$ in above reaction is

To a solution of a colourless sodium salt, a solution of lead nitrate was added to form a white precipitate which dissolves in warm water and reprecipitates on cooling. Which of the following acid radicals is present in the salt?

During the qualitative analysis of $SO_{3}^{2-}$ using dilute $H_{2}SO_{4}$,$SO_{2}$ gas is evolved which turns $K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}$ solution (acidified with dilute $H_{2}SO_{4}$):

$A$ salt solution is treated with chloroform drops. Then it is shaken with chlorine water. The chloroform layer becomes violet. The solution contains:

How do you account for the following observations?
$(a)$ Though alkaline potassium permanganate and acidic potassium permanganate both are used as oxidants,yet in the manufacture of benzoic acid from toluene,we use alcoholic potassium permanganate as an oxidant. Why? Write a balanced redox equation for the reaction.
$(b)$ When concentrated sulphuric acid is added to an inorganic mixture containing chloride,we get a colourless pungent-smelling gas $HCl$,but if the mixture contains bromide,then we get red vapours of bromine. Why?

$A$ substance reacts with dilute $H_2SO_4$ to release a colorless gas which $(i)$ turns baryta water turbid and $(ii)$ turns acidic dichromate solution green. This reaction indicates the presence of which of the following?