The correct order of dipole moment for o-nitr | vedclass

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(C) The dipole moment $(\mu)$ depends on the vector sum of individual bond dipoles and the angle between them.In $o$-nitrophenol $(I)$,the $-OH$ and $

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$I > II$

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(C) The dipole moment $(\mu)$ depends on the vector sum of individual bond dipoles and the angle between them.In $o$-nitrophenol $(I)$,the $-OH$ and $-NO_2$ groups are present at the ortho position. The $-OH$ group has a dipole moment directed towards the oxygen atom,and the $-NO_2$ group has a strong dipole moment directed away from the ring.Due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding in $o$-nitrophenol,the effective dipole moment is significantly enhanced.In $o$-dichlorobenzene $(II)$,the two $C-Cl$ bonds are at an angle of $60^{\circ}$. The resultant dipole moment is $\mu = \sqrt{\mu_1^2 + \mu_2^2 + 2\mu_1\mu_2 \cos(60^{\circ})}$.Comparing the two,the strong polar nature of the $-NO_2$ group combined with the $-OH$ group results in a higher dipole moment for $o$-nitrophenol compared to $o$-dichlorobenzene.Therefore,the correct order is $I > II$.

The correct order of dipole moment for $o$-nitrophenol $(I)$ and $o$-dichlorobenzene $(II)$ is ......

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