The second ionization enthalpy of an element | vedclass

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Question

(A) The first ionization enthalpy $(IE_1)$ is the energy required to remove the first electron from a neutral atom. After the removal of the first ele

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The cation is always smaller than the neutral atom

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(A) The first ionization enthalpy $(IE_1)$ is the energy required to remove the first electron from a neutral atom. After the removal of the first electron,the remaining electrons are more strongly attracted by the nucleus because the effective nuclear charge increases while the number of electrons decreases. Additionally,the cation formed is smaller than the neutral atom,which increases the electrostatic force of attraction between the nucleus and the remaining electrons. Therefore,more energy is required to remove the second electron,making the second ionization enthalpy $(IE_2)$ always greater than the first $(IE_1)$.

The second ionization enthalpy of an element is always higher than its first ionization enthalpy because

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