Which of the following groups deactivates the | vedclass

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(D) In electrophilic substitution reactions,groups that donate electrons to the benzene ring (via resonance or inductive effect) activate the ring,whi

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

Chloro

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(D) In electrophilic substitution reactions,groups that donate electrons to the benzene ring (via resonance or inductive effect) activate the ring,while groups that withdraw electrons from the ring deactivate it.$1$. The $-CH_3$ (methyl) group is electron-donating due to hyperconjugation and inductive effect,thus it activates the ring.$2$. The $-NH_2$ (amino) and $-OH$ (hydroxyl) groups are strongly activating due to the $+R$ (resonance) effect.$3$. The $-Cl$ (chloro) group,although it has a $+R$ effect,is strongly electron-withdrawing due to its high electronegativity ($-I$ effect). This $-I$ effect dominates over the $+R$ effect,making the benzene ring less reactive towards electrophiles compared to benzene. Therefore,it is considered a deactivating group.

Which of the following groups deactivates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution reaction?

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