In the process of obtaining cast iron from pig iron,the reverberatory furnace is lined with ..........

Calcium is obtained by

Extraction of a metal $(M)$ from its sulfide ore $(M_2S)$ involves the following chemical reactions:
$2M_2S + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{\text{heat}} 2M_2O + 2SO_2 \uparrow$
$M_2S + 2M_2O \xrightarrow{\text{heat}} 6M + SO_2 \uparrow$
The metal $(M)$ may be

In the extraction of iron using a blast furnace,to remove the impurity $(X)$,chemical $(Y)$ is added to the ore. $X$ and $Y$ are respectively

The maximum temperature that can be achieved in a blast furnace is:

Calcium is extracted by the electrolysis of