Which functions are required to understand the second law of thermodynamics?

In which of the following processes does entropy increase?

Give the mathematical equation for entropy change.

What is the entropy change in $J K^{-1}$ during the melting of $27.3 \ g$ of ice at $0^{\circ} C$? (Latent heat of fusion of ice $= 330 \ J g^{-1}$)

The enthalpy change for the conversion of water into vapor at $27^\circ C$ is $30 \ kJ/mol$. The entropy change for this process in $J/mol \ K$ is:

If the enthalpy change for the following reaction at $300 \ K$ is $+7 \ kJ \ mol^{-1}$,find the entropy change of the surrounding (in $J \ K^{-1}$)?
$H_2O_{(s)} \longrightarrow H_2O_{(l)}$