Distinguish between: Linkage in Sweet Pea and Linkage in Drosophila.

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Linkage in Sweet PeaLinkage in Drosophila
$(a)$ Demonstrated by Bateson and Punnett using flower color (purple/red) and pollen shape (long/round).$(a)$ Demonstrated by Morgan using body color (yellow/brown) and eye color (white/red).
$(b)$ $F_1$ generation shows parental combinations of purple flower and long pollen.$(b)$ $F_1$ generation shows parental combinations of yellow body and white eyes.
$(c)$ $F_2$ generation shows a phenotypic ratio of $7:1:1:7$ (for coupling phase).$(c)$ $F_2$ generation shows a test cross ratio of $1:1$ (due to complete linkage).
$(d)$ Parental types are more frequent than recombinant types.$(d)$ Parental types are significantly higher due to tight linkage.

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