$(a)$ Mutations are beneficial for plant breeding. Taking an example,justify the statement.
$(b)$ Discuss briefly the technology that made us self-sufficient in food production.

(N/A) Mutation is the process:
$(i)$ In which genetic variations are created through changes in the base sequence within genes,resulting in the creation of a new character or trait not found in the parental type.
$(ii)$ It is possible to induce mutations artificially through the use of chemicals or radiations (like gamma radiations) and selecting and using the plants that have the desirable character as a source in breeding.
$(iii)$ This process is called mutation breeding.
$(iv)$ In mung bean,resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew were induced by mutations.
$(b)$ Plant breeding:
$(i)$ It is the purposeful manipulation of plant species to create desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation,give better yields,and are disease-resistant.
$(ii)$ With advancements in genetics,molecular biology,and tissue culture,plant breeding is now increasingly being carried out by using molecular genetic tools.