Amensalism represents which of the following interactions?

$Cuscuta$ is an example of

Death of the host shall be disastrous to:

Consider the following four statements and select the option which includes all the correct ones $:-$
$(a)$ Sparrow eating any seed is no less a predator.
$(b)$ Monarch butterfly is highly distasteful to its predator.
$(c)$ Nearly $25 \%$ of all insects are known to be phytophagous.
$(d)$ Thorns are the most common morphological defence mechanism.
Options $:-$

Select the statement that best describes parasitism.

Explain the general information about population interaction and show the various outcomes observed between them.