Which of the following processes is faster?

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(B) Secondary succession is a process of ecological succession that occurs in areas where a previously existing community has been removed by a distur

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Secondary succession

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(B) Secondary succession is a process of ecological succession that occurs in areas where a previously existing community has been removed by a disturbance (e.g.,fire,flood,or deforestation) but the soil remains intact. Because the soil is already present and often contains a seed bank,the process of recolonization is much faster compared to primary succession,which starts on bare,lifeless rock where soil formation must occur first. Evolution is a very slow,long-term biological process. Therefore,secondary succession is the fastest among the given options.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Phytoplankton,grass	$(p)$ First trophic level
$(b)$ Man,Lion	$(q)$ Herbivore
$(c)$ Zooplankton,Cow,Grasshopper	$(r)$ Third trophic level
$(d)$ Birds,Wolf	$(s)$ Top carnivore

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Match the following columns.

Column-$I$ Column-$II$

$(a)$ Phytoplankton,grass $(p)$ First trophic level

$(b)$ Man,Lion $(q)$ Herbivore

$(c)$ Zooplankton,Cow,Grasshopper $(r)$ Third trophic level

$(d)$ Birds,Wolf $(s)$ Top carnivore

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