$(a)$ Explain why the wing of a bat and the wing of a bird are considered to be analogous organs.
$(b)$ List two factors that lead to the formation of a new species.

(N/A) The wings of a bat and a bird are considered analogous organs because they perform the same function (flight) but have different anatomical structures and embryonic origins. The wing of a bat is a skin fold stretched between elongated fingers,whereas the wing of a bird is a feathered structure supported by the bones of the forelimb.
$(b)$ Two factors that lead to the formation of a new species (speciation) are:
$1$. Genetic drift: Changes in allele frequencies due to random chance in small populations.
$2$. Natural selection: The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring,leading to evolutionary change.