$(a)$ $A$ sugar syrup of mass $214.2\, g$ contains $34.2\, g$ of sugar. Calculate the concentration of sugar in the syrup.
$(b)$ What is a solution?

Two chemical species $X$ and $Y$ combine together to form a product $P$ which contains both $X$ and $Y$.
$X + Y \to P$
$X$ and $Y$ cannot be broken down into simpler substances by simple chemical reactions. Which of the following concerning the species $X$,$Y$ and $P$ are correct?
$(i)$ $P$ is a compound
$(ii)$ $X$ and $Y$ are compounds
$(iii)$ $X$ and $Y$ are elements
$(iv)$ $P$ has a fixed composition

Classify each of the following as an element,compound,or mixture:
Gold,Air,Marble,Milk,Sugar.

$(i)$ Name the compound formed on heating a mixture of iron filings and sulphur.
$(ii)$ If dilute $HCl$ is added to the above compound,name the gas evolved and write down its two properties.

Enumerate any two differences between simple distillation and fractional distillation.

Calculate the mass of sodium sulphate required to prepare its $20\%$ (mass percent) solution in $100\,g$ of water. (in $,g$)