Which of the following factors causes a population to experience the founder effect?

Select the incorrect statements:
$I.$ Natural selection is essential for evolution.
$II.$ Natural selection does not include variations.
$III.$ The concept of natural selection was given by Hugo de Vries.
$IV.$ Mutation is a sudden inheritable change.
$V.$ The synthetic theory is also called the Neo-Darwinism theory of evolution.

Adaptation of a species is its

Which is the basis of evolution?

Natural selection can lead to . . . . . . .
$(a)$ stabilisation
$(b)$ genetic drift
$(c)$ directional change
$(d)$ disruption
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
$(A)$ $(a)$, $(b)$ and $(c)$ only
$(B)$ $(a)$, $(c)$ and $(d)$ only
$(C)$ $(a)$, $(b)$, $(c)$ and $(d)$
$(D)$ $(a)$ and $(c)$ only

Hugo de Vries's experimental organism was