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(C) In the $C_3$ pathway (Calvin cycle),the fixation of one molecule of $CO_2$ requires $3$ $ATP$ and $2$ $NADPH$ molecules.In the $C_4$ pathway,there

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$2$

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(C) In the $C_3$ pathway (Calvin cycle),the fixation of one molecule of $CO_2$ requires $3$ $ATP$ and $2$ $NADPH$ molecules.In the $C_4$ pathway,there is an additional step of $CO_2$ fixation by $PEP$ carboxylase and the regeneration of $PEP$ (Phosphoenolpyruvate) from pyruvate,which consumes $2$ additional $ATP$ molecules.Therefore,the $C_4$ pathway requires a total of $5$ $ATP$ ($3$ for the Calvin cycle + $2$ for $PEP$ regeneration) per $CO_2$ molecule fixed.The difference in $ATP$ requirement is $5 - 3 = 2$ $ATP$ molecules.

How many additional $ATP$ molecules are required in the $C_4$ pathway compared to the $C_3$ pathway for the fixation of one molecule of $CO_2$?

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