The concentration of urine depends upon $........$.

Which ions enter the vasa recta?

Medullary gradient is mainly developed due to

The proximity between Henle's loop and vasa-recta as well as the counter-current in them help in maintaining an ...$A$... in molarity towards the inner medullary interstitium,i.e.,from ...$B$... $mOsmol \ L^{-1}$ in the cortex to about ...$C$... $mOsmol \ L^{-1}$ in the inner medulla. Here $A$,$B$,and $C$ refer to:

State the importance of the following:
$(1)$ Sebum
$(2)$ Counter current mechanism

If the $Loop$ $of$ $Henle$ is absent from the mammalian nephron,which of the following is likely to occur?