To introduce recombinant DNA into a host cell | vedclass

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(C) The process of introducing recombinant $DNA$ into a host cell is known as transformation. To facilitate the uptake of $DNA$ by the host cell (like

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(C) The process of introducing recombinant $DNA$ into a host cell is known as transformation. To facilitate the uptake of $DNA$ by the host cell (like $E. coli$),the cells are treated with a divalent cation such as calcium $(Ca^{2+})$. This increases the efficiency with which $DNA$ enters the bacterium through pores in its cell wall. Recombinant $DNA$ can then be forced into such cells by incubating the cells with recombinant $DNA$ on ice,followed by placing them briefly at $42^{\circ} C$ (heat shock),and then putting them back on ice. This enables the bacteria to take up the recombinant $DNA$.

To introduce recombinant $DNA$ into a host cell,it is first kept on ice,then placed at ........ temperature,and finally placed back on ice. (in $^{\circ} C$)

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