$A$ transformer works on the principle of

$A$ ray of light of intensity $I$ is incident on a parallel glass slab at point $A$ as shown in the diagram. It undergoes partial reflection and refraction. At each reflection, $25\%$ of incident energy is reflected. The rays $AB$ and $A'B'$ undergo interference. The ratio of $I_{max}$ and $I_{min}$ is (in $: 1$)

$A$ large open tank has two holes in the wall. One is a square hole of side $L$ at a depth $y$ from the top and the other is a circular hole of radius $R$ at a depth $4y$ from the top. When the tank is completely filled with water,the quantities of water flowing out per second from the two holes are the same. Then the value of $R$ is

If $x-y+1=0$ meets the circle $x^2+y^2+y-1=0$ at $A$ and $B$,then the equation of the circle with $AB$ as diameter is

Assertion $(A)$: Rapidly changing temperatures can be measured by thermocouples. Reason $(R)$: The thermal capacity of the junction of a thermocouple is very small.

If the radius of the earth were to shrink by $1\%$ and its mass remained the same,the acceleration due to gravity on the earth's surface would