$A$ light beam of intensity $20 \,W/cm^2$ is incident normally on a perfectly reflecting surface of sides $25 \,cm \times 15 \,cm$. The momentum imparted to the surface by the light per second is

An impulse laser may be treated as a source of photons that are emitted during the time interval of the pulse,which is followed by a time interval when no photons are produced. Pulses are periodically repeated. $A$ laser beam of diameter $d = 10 \, \mu m$ is directed upward and is perpendicular to the thin foil surface which has a reflection coefficient $\rho = 0.50$ (see the sketch of the experiment). The reflection coefficient of the surface is the ratio of the reflected energy to the incident energy. $A$ pulse with duration of $0.13 \, ms$ has a total energy of $10 \, J$. What is the mass of the piece of foil that can be supported in the air solely by the light pressure of the laser beam? (Take $g = 10 \, m/s^2$)

$A$ radiation of energy $E$ falls on a perfectly reflecting surface. The momentum transferred to the surface is (let $c$ be the speed of light).

If radiation is totally absorbed and energy incident on surface in time $t$ be $U$,then write the equation for the momentum imparted to the surface.

Light with an intensity of $18 \ W \ m^{-2}$ is incident normally on an opaque surface. If the area of the surface is $20 \ m^2$,calculate the average force exerted on the surface in $30 \ min$.

The number of photons falling per second on a completely darkened plate to produce a force of $6.62 \times 10^{-5} \ N$ is $n$. If the wavelength of the light falling is $5 \times 10^{-7} \ m$,then $n = \_ \times 10^{22}$. (Given: $h = 6.62 \times 10^{-34} \ J \cdot s$)