$A$ very small hole in an electric furnace is used for heating metals. The hole nearly acts as a black body. The area of the hole is $200 \ mm^2$. To keep a metal at $727^{\circ} C$, the heat energy flowing through this hole per second, in joules, is (given $\sigma = 5.67 \times 10^{-8} \ W m^{-2} K^{-4}$):

$A$ black body at temperature $127^{\circ} C$ radiates heat at the rate of $5 \ cal / cm^2 \ s$. At a temperature $927^{\circ} C$,its rate of emission in units of $cal / cm^2 \ s$ will be

The operating temperature and emissivity of a tungsten filament are $2000 \ K$ and $0.3$,respectively. The surface area of the filament is $A \ cm^2$. If the power of the lamp is $25 \ W$,find $A$. (Given: $\sigma = 5.67 \times 10^{-8} \ W/m^2K^4$)

$A$ solid cylinder of radius $r_1=2.5 \ cm$, length $l_1=5.0 \ cm$ and temperature $40^{\circ}C$ is suspended in an environment of temperature $60^{\circ}C$. The thermal radiation transfer rate for the cylinder is $1.0 \ W$. If the cylinder is stretched until its radius becomes $r_2=0.50 \ cm$, the thermal radiation transfer rate is changed to (in $W$)

Parallel rays of light of intensity $I = 912 \ W m^{-2}$ are incident on a spherical black body kept in surroundings of temperature $T_0 = 300 \ K$. Take Stefan-Boltzmann constant $\sigma = 5.7 \times 10^{-8} \ W m^{-2} K^{-4}$ and assume that the energy exchange with the surroundings is only through radiation. The final steady state temperature of the black body is close to: (in $K$)

The rate of radiation by a black body is $R$ at temperature $T$. Another body has the same area but an emissivity of $0.2$ and a temperature of $3T$. Its rate of radiation is: (in $R$)