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(B) One molecule of $PGAL$ (Phosphoglyceraldehyde) is a $3$-carbon compound. During aerobic respiration,$1$ molecule of $PGAL$ undergoes glycolysis an

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$20$

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(B) One molecule of $PGAL$ (Phosphoglyceraldehyde) is a $3$-carbon compound. During aerobic respiration,$1$ molecule of $PGAL$ undergoes glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. $1$ molecule of $PGAL$ produces $1$ $NADH$ (during conversion to $1,3-BPG$),$1$ $NADH$ (during conversion to $Pyruvate$),and $1$ $ATP$ (substrate-level phosphorylation). Upon entering the mitochondria,the $Pyruvate$ undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to form $Acetyl-CoA$,yielding $1$ $NADH$. The $Acetyl-CoA$ enters the Krebs cycle,producing $3$ $NADH$,$1$ $FADH_2$,and $1$ $GTP$ $(ATP)$. Summing these: $1+1+1+3 = 6$ $NADH$,$1$ $FADH_2$,and $2$ $ATP$ (or $GTP$). Using the standard yield ($1$ $NADH = 3$ $ATP$,$1$ $FADH_2 = 2$ $ATP$): $(6 	imes 3) + (1 	imes 2) + 2 = 18 + 2 + 2 = 22$ $ATP$. However,considering the net yield of $38$ $ATP$ per glucose ($2$ $PGAL$),the yield per $PGAL$ is $19$ $ATP$. In many standard textbook contexts,the calculation for $PGAL$ oxidation to $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ is considered to be $20$ $ATP$.

How many total $ATP$ molecules are synthesized through the aerobic respiration of one molecule of $PGAL$ (in $ATP$)?

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