In $Dryopteris$ (fern),the permanent roots are .........

The fern $Dryopteris$ is:

The formation of a sporophyte (fern) from a gametophyte (prothallus) without fertilization is known as .......... .

How far does $Selaginella$,one of the few living members of $Lycopodiales$ $(pteridophytes)$,fall short of the seed habit?

The prothallus represents:

To which of the following groups would you assign a plant that has a vascular supply,lacks ovules,and reproduces by means of spores?