What does the Hamburger phenomenon explain?

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(B) The Hamburger phenomenon,also known as the chloride shift,describes the exchange of ions between red blood cells and blood plasma. As carbon dioxi

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Chloride shift

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(B) The Hamburger phenomenon,also known as the chloride shift,describes the exchange of ions between red blood cells and blood plasma. As carbon dioxide $(CO_2)$ enters the red blood cells,it reacts with water to form carbonic acid $(H_2CO_3)$,which dissociates into hydrogen ions $(H^+)$ and bicarbonate ions $(HCO_3^-)$. To maintain electrical neutrality,the bicarbonate ions diffuse out of the red blood cells into the plasma,while chloride ions $(Cl^-)$ diffuse from the plasma into the red blood cells. This movement of chloride ions to balance the exit of bicarbonate ions is known as the chloride shift or Hamburger phenomenon.

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