Which of the following is used for direct gene transfer?

Which of the following steps is $NOT$ a part of the basic process of creating a Genetically Modified Organism $(GMO)$?

The diagram below refers to $PCR$. Identify the steps $A, B$ and $C$ and select the correct option.

Which of the statements are correct about bioreactors?
$I.$ It provides all the optimal conditions for achieving the desired product by providing optimal growth conditions like temperature, $pH$, substrate, salt, vitamin and oxygen.
$II.$ It is suited for large-scale production of microorganisms under aseptic conditions for a number of days.

Which of the following statements are correct with respect to $DNA$ separation, isolation and visualization?
$A$. The cutting of $DNA$ is done by molecular scissors.
$B$. The $DNA$ fragments separate according to their size in an agarose gel, upon electrophoresis.
$C$. The separated $DNA$ fragments can be seen without staining when exposed to $UV$ light.
$D$. The separated $DNA$ fragments, when stained with ethidium bromide, can be seen in visible light.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

What is the first step in the Southern Blot technique?