The term for the maximum population growth under ideal conditions is .........

$A$: Under unlimited resource conditions,a population can show an exponential growth curve.
$R$: $A$ maximum possible number of individuals can always be supported when enough resources are available.

Match the following columns:

Column-$I$ (Value of $r$)	Column-$II$ (Example)
$P. 0.12$	$I$. Flour beetle
$Q. 0.015$	$II$. Norway rat
$R. 0.0205$	$III$. Human population in India in $1981$

Two opposite forces operate in the growth and development of every population. One of them relates to the ability to reproduce at a given rate. The force opposite to it is called:

Slow population growth was due to a high birth rate and a high death rate,which characterized the stage of:

The study of human population growth is known as: