In which disease does fluid accumulate in the alveoli and bronchioles?

$A$ chronic disorder in which alveolar walls are damaged due to excessive cigarette smoking is

Assertion $(A):$ $A$ person goes to high altitude and experiences 'altitude sickness' with symptoms like breathing difficulty and heart palpitations.
Reason $(R):$ Due to low atmospheric pressure at high altitude,the body does not get sufficient oxygen.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Which of the following options correctly represents the lung conditions in asthma and emphysema,respectively?

Smoking leads to which of the following changes in the blood?

In $emphysema$,what happens to the lungs?