$S$ - Statement: The $Anopheles$ mosquito is responsible for malaria.
$R$ - Reason: $Plasmodium$ uses both humans and the female $Anopheles$ mosquito as hosts.

• A
  $S$ and $R$ are both true,and $R$ is the correct explanation of $S$.
• B
  $S$ and $R$ are both true,but $R$ is not the correct explanation of $S$.
• C
  $S$ is true and $R$ is false.
• D
  $S$ is false and $R$ is true.