In the given diagram of the life cycle of Plasmodium,what does the part labeled '$A$' represent?

Match List $- I$ with List $- II$.

List $- I$	List $- II$
$(a)$ Filariasis	$(i)$ Haemophilus influenzae
$(b)$ Amoebiasis	$(ii)$ Trichophyton
$(c)$ Pneumonia	$(iii)$ Wuchereria bancrofti
$(d)$ Ringworm	$(iv)$ Entamoeba histolytica

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Identify the mosquito that is currently widely found as a disease vector in India.

In which of the following characteristics of the body does the allergic reaction play an important role?

How many of the following diseases can be classified as autoimmune diseases?
Rheumatoid arthritis,Myasthenia gravis,$AIDS$,$SCID$,Vitiligo,Hashimoto's disease,Multiple sclerosis,Cancer,Type-$I$ diabetes.

$A$: Antibiotics like penicillin can be used to treat common cold.
$R$: Penicillin causes lysis of viral cells.