In the given diagram of the life cycle of Plasmodium in the mosquito,what does the part labeled '$a$' represent?

Which of the following diseases are caused by smoking?
$I -$ Cancer of lungs,urinary bladder,and throat
$II -$ Bronchitis
$III -$ Emphysema
$IV -$ Coronary heart disease
$V -$ Gastric ulcers

Identify the number of correct statements from the following:
$(1)$ Gene therapy is used in the treatment of $ADA$ deficiency.
$(2)$ Tetanus causes sustained muscle contraction. There is a lack of relaxation phase.
$(3)$ Cigarette smoking leads to asthma in the respiratory system.
$(4)$ $A$ transplanted kidney in a patient can fail due to cell-mediated immunity.
$(5)$ Serum globulin is an antibody.

In most cities of India,what are the majority of children suffering from?

Match the following conditions associated with mental disorders in Column-$I$ with their respective meanings in Column-$II$ and choose the correct option.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$i$. Bulimia	$a$. Loss of memory
$ii$. Anorexia nervosa	$b$. Extreme overindulgence in food
$iii$. Amnesia	$c$. Sadness and inactivity in life
$iv$. Depression	$d$. Emotional aversion to food

Which disease is transmitted from one person to another through infected needles or syringes?