Who discovered lichens?

If $ax^2+2hxy+by^2+2gx+2fy+c=0$ represents a pair of parallel lines,then $\sqrt{\frac{g^2-ac}{f^2-bc}}$ is equal to

Assertion $(A)$: The $pH$ of a buffer solution containing equal moles of acetic acid and sodium acetate is $4.8$ ($pK_a$ of acetic acid is $4.8$).
Reason $(R)$: The ionic product of water at $25^{\circ} C$ is $10^{-14} \ mol^2 \cdot L^{-2}$. The correct answer is

The variance of the first $50$ even natural numbers is

The figure shows the variation of the gravitational acceleration $a_g$ of four planets with the radial distance $r$ from the centre of the planet for $r \geq$ radius of the planet. Plots $1$ and $2$ coincide for $r \geq R_2$,and plots $3$ and $4$ coincide for $r \geq R_4$. The sequence of the planets in the descending order of their densities is:

$A$ charge $+Q$ is moving upwards vertically. It enters a magnetic field directed to the north. The force on the charge will be towards