Which of the following is $NOT$ a method of vegetative reproduction in Bryophytes?

Which of the following reagents will convert propanoic acid to propan-$1$-ol?

In the figure,suppose the transmission axes of the left and right polarizing disks are perpendicular to each other. Also,let the center disk be rotated on the common axis with an angular speed $\omega$. If unpolarized light is incident on the left disk with an intensity $I_{max}$,the intensity of the beam emerging from the right disk is given by:

If three unit vectors $\overrightarrow{a}, \overrightarrow{b}, \overrightarrow{c}$ satisfy $\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{c}=\overrightarrow{0}$, then the angle between $\overrightarrow{a}$ and $\overrightarrow{b}$ is

Cycas leaflets are

If the circle $x^2+y^2=a^2$ intersects the hyperbola $xy=c^2$ in four points $(x_i, y_i)$,for $i=1, 2, 3, 4$,then $y_1+y_2+y_3+y_4$ equals