Which radiations cause the destruction of proteins?

What is the meaning of $Bio-patents$?

Given below is the sequence of events in the production of human insulin by Eli Lilly.
$(a)$ Preparation of two $DNA$ sequences corresponding to chain $A$ and $B$ of human insulin.
$(b)$ Production of chain $A$ and $B$ separately.
$(c)$ Introduction of chains in plasmids of $E. coli$.
$(d)$ Extraction of chain $A$ and $B$ and combining them by creating disulphide bonds.
Choose the correct sequence of events.

Give scientific reasons: In earlier times,insulin was extracted from the pancreas of slaughtered cattle.

Which of the following is commonly used as a vector for introducing a $DNA$ fragment in human lymphocytes?

Which type of bond connects the $A$ and $B$ chains of human insulin?