What are '$X$' and '$Y$' in the given figure?

In which text is the classification of organisms mentioned?

Why are jams and pickles immersed in concentrated sugar solution or oil?

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Petroleum is derived from the words 'Petra' meaning rock and 'Oleum' meaning oil. The words 'Petra' and 'Oleum' are:

Which of the following $statement(s)$ is/are correct?
$(i)$ Classification is providing standardized names to organisms such that a particular organism is known by the same name all over the world.
$(ii)$ Taxonomy is the correct description of an organism and its recognition in its scientific name.
$(iii)$ The system of naming with two components (binomial nomenclature) was proposed by Carolus Linnaeus.
$(iv)$ Zoological names are based on the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature $(ICZN)$.