For short-distance communication,waves with a frequency of $f$ $MHz$ are reflected back from the ionosphere. If the electron density of the ionosphere is $10^{11} \ m^{-3}$,what is the value of $f$?

$A$ sinusoidal carrier voltage is amplitude modulated. The resultant amplitude modulated wave has maximum and minimum amplitude of $120 \, V$ and $80 \, V$ respectively. The amplitude of each sideband is $.......... \, V$.

The bandwidth of a coaxial cable system is approximately........ $MHz$.

An audio signal $v_{m} = 20 \sin(2 \pi \times 1500 t)$ amplitude modulates a carrier $v_{c} = 80 \sin(2 \pi \times 100,000 t)$. The value of percent modulation is..........

We do not transmit low frequency signals to long distances because:
$(a)$ The size of the antenna should be comparable to signal wavelength,which is impractical for a signal of longer wavelength.
$(b)$ Effective power radiated by a long wavelength baseband signal would be high.
$(c)$ We want to avoid mixing up signals transmitted by different transmitters simultaneously.
$(d)$ Low frequency signals can be sent to long distances by superimposing them with a high frequency wave.
Therefore,the most suitable options are:

Radio waves that reach the receiver after being reflected from the ionosphere propagate via .......