Two equal charges $q$ are placed at a distance of $2a$ on the $x$-axis. A third charge $q$ of mass $m$ is placed at the midpoint between them. If this charge is displaced by a small distance $x$ from the equilibrium position, the particle will:

Two point charges $Q$ and $-Q/4$ are separated by a distance $x$. Then:

Two identical particles of mass $m$ carry a charge $Q$ each. Initially, one is at rest on a smooth horizontal plane and the other is projected along the plane directly towards the first particle from a large distance with speed $v$. The closest distance of approach is:

Six charges,three positive and three negative of equal magnitude,are to be placed at the vertices of a regular hexagon such that the electric field at $O$ is double the electric field when only one positive charge of the same magnitude is placed at $R$. Which of the following arrangements of charges is possible for $P, Q, R, S, T,$ and $U$ respectively?

As shown in the figure, a point charge $q_{1} = +1 \times 10^{-8} \ C$ is placed at the origin in the $x-y$ plane and another point charge $q_{2} = +3 \times 10^{-6} \ C$ is placed at the coordinate $(10, 0)$. In that case, which of the following graph$(s)$ shows most correctly the electric field vector $E_{x}$ in the $x$-direction?

In $1959$,Lyttleton and Bondi suggested that the expansion of the Universe could be explained if matter carried a net charge. Suppose that the Universe is made up of hydrogen atoms with a number density $N$,which is maintained constant. Let the charge on the proton be: $e_p = -(1 + y)e$,where $e$ is the electronic charge.
$(a)$ Find the critical value of $y$ such that expansion may start.
$(b)$ Show that the velocity of expansion is proportional to the distance from the centre.