State the $Hardy-Schulze$ rule.

  • A
    Coagulation power of non-electrolytes is better than electrolytes.
  • B
    The ions carrying charge opposite to that of the sol particles are effective in causing coagulation,and the greater the valence of the coagulating ion,the greater is its power to cause coagulation.
  • C
    The charge of the ions has no effect on the coagulation of the sol.
  • D
    Coagulation of the sol occurs only by ions that have the same charge as the sol.

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$10 \ mL$ of $0.5 \ M$ $NaCl$ is required to coagulate $1 \ L$ of $Sb_2S_3$ sol in $2$ hours. The flocculating value of $NaCl$ (in millimoles) is:

The following data is obtained for coagulating a positively charged sol in $2$ hours:
Conc. of $Cl^{-}$ in $mol \cdot L^{-1}$Result
$5 \times 10^{-5}$Sol not precipitated
$6 \times 10^{-5}$Sol not precipitated
$7 \times 10^{-5}$Sol precipitated
$8 \times 10^{-5}$Sol precipitated
$1 \times 10^{-4}$Sol precipitated

What is the coagulating value of electrolyte for this sol?

The size of colloidal particles is . . .

At isoelectric point:

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