What is the product obtained when salicylic acid is heated with sodalime?

Identify $X$ and $Y$ in the following reactions:

Which of the following compounds gives a pink colour on reaction with phthalic anhydride in conc. $H_2SO_4$ followed by treatment with $NaOH$?

The reactivity of compound $Z$ with different halogens under appropriate conditions is given below:
(Image of reaction: $Z$ ($3$-tert-butylphenol) reacts with $X_2$ to give mono-halo derivative for $X_2 = I_2$,di-halo for $X_2 = Br_2$,and tri-halo for $X_2 = Cl_2$)
The observed pattern of electrophilic substitution can be explained by:
$A$. The steric effect of the halogen
$B$. The steric effect of the tert-butyl group
$C$. The electronic effect of the phenolic group
$D$. The electronic effect of the tert-butyl group

The increasing order of acidic strength of the given compounds is:

The acidity of the following compounds follows the order:
$I$: Phenol
$II$: $p$-Methoxyphenol
$III$: $p$-Nitrophenol
$IV$: $m$-Nitrophenol