$A$ $6\,V$ battery is connected to the terminals of a $3\,m$ long uniform wire having resistance $100\,\Omega$. The difference in potential between two points on the wire separated by a distance of $50\,cm$ will be ............. $V$.

$A$ uniform conducting wire $AB$ of length $5 \, m$ and resistance $5 \, \Omega$ is connected as shown in the circuit. If the balancing point is obtained at $3 \, m$ from $A$, then the value of $E$ is. (in $ \, V$)

The figure shows a potentiometer with a cell of $2.0 \; V$ and internal resistance $0.40 \; \Omega$ maintaining a potential drop across the resistor wire $AB$. $A$ standard cell which maintains a constant $emf$ of $1.02 \; V$ (for very moderate currents up to a few $mA$) gives a balance point at $67.3 \; cm$ length of the wire. To ensure very low currents are drawn from the standard cell,a very high resistance of $600 \; k \Omega$ is put in series with it,which is shorted close to the balance point. The standard cell is then replaced by a cell of unknown $emf$ $\varepsilon$ and the balance point found similarly,turns out to be at $82.3 \; cm$ length of the wire.
$(a)$ What is the value of $\varepsilon ?$
$(b)$ What purpose does the high resistance of $600 \; k \Omega$ have?
$(c)$ Is the balance point affected by this high resistance?
$(d)$ Would the method work in the above situation if the driver cell of the potentiometer had an $emf$ of $1.0 \; V$ instead of $2.0 \; V ?$
$(e)$ Would the circuit work well for determining an extremely small $emf$,say of the order of a few $mV$ (such as the typical $emf$ of a thermocouple)? If not,how will you modify the circuit?

Define potential gradient and write its $SI$ unit.

In the experiment of a potentiometer,at balance,there is no current in the

In a potentiometer (see figure) a balance is obtained at a length of $400 \ mm$ when using a known battery of emf $1.6 \ V$. After removing this battery,another battery of unknown emf is used and balance is obtained at a length of $650 \ mm.$ The emf of the unknown battery is ............. $V$. (in $V$)