$A$ fish looking up through the water sees the outside world contained in a circular horizon. If the refractive index of water is $\frac{4}{3}$ and the fish is $12 \, cm$ below the surface,the radius of this circle in $cm$ is

Let the refractive index of a denser medium with respect to a rarer medium be $n_{12}$ and its critical angle be $\theta_C$. At an angle of incidence $A$ when light is travelling from a denser medium to a rarer medium,a part of the light is reflected and the rest is refracted,and the angle between the reflected and refracted rays is $90^o$. Angle $A$ is given by

$A$ well-cut diamond appears bright because

$A$ ray of light is travelling from glass to air. (refractive index of glass $= 1.5$). The angle of incidence is $50^{\circ}$. The deviation of the ray is

$A$ transparent block $A$ having refractive index $\mu_2 = 1.25$ is surrounded by another medium of refractive index $\mu_1 = 1.0$ as shown in the figure. $A$ light ray is incident on the flat face of the block with incident angle $\theta$ as shown in the figure. What is the maximum value of $\theta$ for which light suffers total internal reflection at the top surface of the block?

Light enters at an angle of incidence $\alpha$ into a transparent rod of refractive index $n.$ For what value of the refractive index of the material of the rod will the light,once entered into it,not leave it through its lateral face,regardless of the value of the angle of incidence $\alpha$?