$A$ rocket can go vertically upwards in the Earth's atmosphere because

$A$ Diwali rocket of mass $100\,g$ lifts up with an acceleration of $5\,m/s^2$. If gases eject out of the rocket at a rate of $10\,g/s$,then find the velocity of ejection of gas with respect to the rocket in $m/s$.

$A$ railway wagon of mass $5 \times 10^3 \ kg$ is moving with an initial velocity of $1.2 \ m/s$ on frictionless rails. Rain falls vertically into the wagon. When $10^3 \ kg$ of water has collected in the wagon,what is the change in the kinetic energy of the wagon in $J$?

$A$ metal block of mass $4 \ kg$ is at rest on a frictionless surface. It is struck by a jet of water releasing $2 \ kg \ s^{-1}$ at a speed of $10 \ m \ s^{-1}$. The acceleration of the block is (in $m \ s^{-2}$)

$A$ satellite moving with velocity $v$ in a force-free space collects stationary interplanetary dust at a rate of $\frac{dM}{dt} = \alpha v$,where $M$ is the mass (of satellite + dust) at that instant. The instantaneous acceleration of the satellite is:

$A$ trolley containing water has a total mass of $4000\, kg$ and is moving at a speed of $40\, m/s$. Water starts leaking from a hole at the bottom of the trolley at a rate of $8\, kg/s$. What is the speed of the trolley after $50\, s$?