$A$ stone of mass $0.25 \; kg$ is tied to the end of a string and is being whirled in a horizontal circle of radius $1.5 \; m$ with a speed of $40 \; rev./min$. If the speed of the stone is increased beyond the maximum permissible value and the string breaks suddenly,which of the following correctly describes the trajectory of the stone after the string breaks?
$(a)$ The stone moves radially outward.
$(b)$ The stone flies off tangentially from the instant the string breaks.
$(c)$ The stone flies off at an angle with the tangent whose magnitude depends on the speed of the particle.

Motion in two dimensions in a plane can be studied by expressing position,velocity,and acceleration as vectors in Cartesian coordinates $\vec{A} = A_{x} \hat{i} + A_{y} \hat{j}$,where $\hat{i}$ and $\hat{j}$ are unit vectors along $x$ and $y$ directions,respectively,and $A_{x}$ and $A_{y}$ are corresponding components of $\vec{A}$. Motion can also be studied by expressing vectors in circular polar coordinates as $\vec{A} = A_{r} \hat{r} + A_{\theta} \hat{\theta}$,where $\hat{r} = \cos \theta \hat{i} + \sin \theta \hat{j}$ and $\hat{\theta} = -\sin \theta \hat{i} + \cos \theta \hat{j}$ are unit vectors along the directions in which $r$ and $\theta$ are increasing.
$(a)$ Express $\hat{i}$ and $\hat{j}$ in terms of $\hat{r}$ and $\hat{\theta}$.
$(b)$ Show that both $\hat{r}$ and $\hat{\theta}$ are unit vectors and are perpendicular to each other.
$(c)$ Show that $\frac{d}{dt}(\hat{r}) = \omega \hat{\theta}$,where $\omega = \frac{d\theta}{dt}$ and $\frac{d}{dt}(\hat{\theta}) = -\omega \hat{r}$.
$(d)$ For a particle moving along a spiral given by $\vec{r} = a\theta \hat{r}$,where $a = 1$ (unit),find the dimensions of $a$.
$(e)$ Find velocity and acceleration in polar vector representation for a particle moving along the spiral described in $(d)$ above.

Two balls are thrown as shown in the figure and they reach the ground in the same time. What is the ratio of the maximum heights attained by them?

$A$ projectile is launched from point $A$ of the given landscape with a water body as shown in the diagram. The launching angle is $15^{\circ}$. From the following, identify the right initial velocity of the projectile with which it will fall somewhere in between the points $C$ and $D$. [Assume $g = 10 \,m/s^2$] (in $\,m/s$)

$A$ particle is performing a uniform circular motion along a circle of radius $R$. In half the period of revolution,its displacement and distance covered are respectively:

Two balls are projected from the same point simultaneously. The first ball is projected vertically upwards with velocity $u_1$ and the second ball at an angle of projection $60^{\circ}$ to the ground level with velocity $u_2$. Both the balls reach the ground simultaneously. The ratio of their velocities $u_1 : u_2$ is