$A$ vibrating tuning fork is placed over the mouth of a burette filled with water. The tap is opened and the water level gradually falls. It is observed that the sound becomes the loudest for a particular length of air column.
$(i)$ What is the name of the phenomenon taking place when this happens?
$(ii)$ Why does the sound become the loudest?
$(iii)$ How does the frequency of the loud sound compare with that of the tuning fork?
$(iv)$ State the unit for measuring loudness.

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(N/A) $(i)$ The phenomenon is called resonance.
$(ii)$ The sound becomes loudest because the natural frequency of the air column becomes equal to the frequency of the vibrating tuning fork.
$(iii)$ The frequency of the loud sound is equal to the frequency of the tuning fork.
$(iv)$ The unit for measuring loudness is the decibel $(dB)$.

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