Alteration of which genes leads to cancer?

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Question

(D) Cancer is caused by the uncontrolled division of cells,which results from mutations in specific genes that regulate the cell cycle.$1$. Proto-onco

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

All of the above

Vedclass · Answer

(D) Cancer is caused by the uncontrolled division of cells,which results from mutations in specific genes that regulate the cell cycle.$1$. Proto-oncogenes: These are normal genes that promote cell growth and division. When mutated or overexpressed,they become oncogenes,leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation.$2$. Tumour suppressor genes: These genes normally act as 'brakes' on the cell cycle,preventing excessive division. Mutations that inactivate these genes allow cells to divide uncontrollably.$3$. $p53$ gene: This is a well-known tumour suppressor gene often referred to as the 'guardian of the genome'. It plays a critical role in $DNA$ repair and apoptosis. Mutations in $p53$ are found in a large percentage of human cancers.Since alterations in all these types of genes contribute to the development of cancer,the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$(a)$ Carcinoma	$(i)$ Skin cancer
$(b)$ Sarcoma	$(ii)$ Lymph node cancer
$(c)$ Leukemia	$(iii)$ Lung cancer
$(d)$ Melanoma	$(iv)$ Blood cancer

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