Amongst the following statements,which one was not proposed by $Dalton$?

  • A
    All the atoms of a given element have identical properties including identical mass. Atoms of different elements differ in mass.
  • B
    Chemical reactions involve reorganization of atoms. These are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
  • C
    When gases combine or are produced in a chemical reaction,they do so in a simple ratio by volume,provided all gases are at the same $T$ and $P$.
  • D
    Matter consists of indivisible atoms.

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To check the principle of multiple proportions,a series of pure binary compounds $(P_m Q_n)$ were analyzed and their composition is tabulated below. The correct option$(s)$ is(are)
Compound Weight $\%$ of $P$ Weight $\%$ of $Q$
$1$ $50$ $50$
$2$ $44.4$ $55.6$
$3$ $40$ $60$

$(A)$ If empirical formula of compound $3$ is $P_3 Q_4$,then the empirical formula of compound $2$ is $P_3 Q_5$.
$(B)$ If empirical formula of compound $3$ is $P_3 Q_2$ and atomic weight of element $P$ is $20$,then the atomic weight of $Q$ is $45$.
$(C)$ If empirical formula of compound $2$ is $PQ$,then the empirical formula of the compound $1$ is $P_5 Q_4$.
$(D)$ If atomic weight of $P$ and $Q$ are $70$ and $35$,respectively,then the empirical formula of compound $1$ is $P_2 Q$.

Which law is illustrated by compounds $H_2O$ and $H_2O_2$ formed from two different elements,$H$ and $O$?

$5.06 \ g$ of pure cupric oxide $(CuO)$ on complete reduction gives $4.04 \ g$ of metallic copper. In another experiment,$1.3 \ g$ of metallic copper is dissolved in nitric acid and the resulting solution is carefully dried to yield $1.63 \ g$ of $CuO$. Which law of chemical combination is illustrated by these results?

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