An aqueous solution of $CoCl_2$ on addition of excess of concentrated $HCl$ turns blue due to the formation of:

Which of the following complexes will be the most stable?

Identify the ligand with the highest field strength among the following.

The stepwise formation of $[Cu(NH_{3})_{4}]^{2+}$ is given below:
$Cu^{2+} + NH_{3} \rightleftharpoons [Cu(NH_{3})]^{2+} \quad K_{1}$
$[Cu(NH_{3})]^{2+} + NH_{3} \rightleftharpoons [Cu(NH_{3})_{2}]^{2+} \quad K_{2}$
$[Cu(NH_{3})_{2}]^{2+} + NH_{3} \rightleftharpoons [Cu(NH_{3})_{3}]^{2+} \quad K_{3}$
$[Cu(NH_{3})_{3}]^{2+} + NH_{3} \rightleftharpoons [Cu(NH_{3})_{4}]^{2+} \quad K_{4}$
The values of stability constants $K_{1}, K_{2}, K_{3}$ and $K_{4}$ are $10^{4}, 1.58 \times 10^{3}, 5 \times 10^{2}$ and $10^{2}$ respectively. The overall equilibrium constant for dissociation of $[Cu(NH_{3})_{4}]^{2+}$ is $x \times 10^{-12}$. The value of $x$ is ...............
(Rounded off to the nearest integer)

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

For the complex $ML_2$,the stepwise formation constants for the reactions:
$M + L \rightleftharpoons ML$
$ML + L \rightleftharpoons ML_2$
are $4$ and $3$ respectively. Hence,the overall stability constant for the reaction:
$M + 2L \rightleftharpoons ML_2$
is: