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(A) The electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon depends on the magnitude of the positive charge on it. This is influenced by electronic effects (induc

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$IV > I > III > II$

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(A) The electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon depends on the magnitude of the positive charge on it. This is influenced by electronic effects (inductive and resonance effects) of the groups attached to the carbonyl carbon.$I)$ Benzaldehyde $(C_6H_5CHO)$: The phenyl group shows resonance,which decreases the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon.$II)$ Benzoic acid $(C_6H_5COOH)$: The $-OH$ group donates electrons via resonance to the carbonyl carbon,significantly reducing its electrophilicity.$III)$ Acetophenone $(C_6H_5COCH_3)$: The phenyl group and the methyl group both decrease the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The methyl group is electron-donating via hyperconjugation and inductive effect,and the phenyl group donates via resonance.$IV)$ Propanal $(CH_3CH_2CHO)$: This is an aliphatic aldehyde. It lacks the resonance stabilization provided by the phenyl ring,making its carbonyl carbon the most electrophilic among the given options.Comparing the four:$IV$ (Aliphatic aldehyde) > $I$ (Benzaldehyde) > $III$ (Acetophenone) > $II$ (Benzoic acid).Thus,the decreasing order is $IV > I > III > II$.

Arrange the following in decreasing order of electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon.

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