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(A) Acidic character $\propto$ stability of conjugate base (phenoxide ion).The stability of the phenoxide ion is increased by electron-withdrawing gro

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$I < IV < II < III$

Vedclass · Answer

(A) Acidic character $\propto$ stability of conjugate base (phenoxide ion).The stability of the phenoxide ion is increased by electron-withdrawing groups ($-M$ and $-I$ effects) and decreased by electron-donating groups ($+M$,$+H$,and $+I$ effects).The substituents are:$(I)$ $p$-methylphenol: $-CH_3$ group shows $+H$ and $+I$ effects,which destabilize the phenoxide ion.$(II)$ $m$-nitrophenol: $-NO_2$ group shows only $-I$ effect ($-M$ effect does not operate at $m$-position).$(III)$ $p$-nitrophenol: $-NO_2$ group shows both $-M$ and $-I$ effects,providing strong stabilization.$(IV)$ Phenol: No substituent.Comparing these,the order of stability of the conjugate base is: $p$-methylphenoxide Therefore,the increasing order of acidic character is: $I < IV < II < III$.

Arrange the following in increasing order of acidic character.

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